Thursday 27 October 2011

Annotated Bibliography

Introduction into Journalism and Communication
Semester 2, 2011
Annotated Bibliography

Dunlevy, G., Marszalek, J., Ag, K. (Oct 13, 2011) LNP leaders at odds over dirt file fallout. National Nine News Online.
This article addresses the recent issues that have occurred in the LNP and ALP in regards to the “Dirt File’ dossier that was revealed earlier in October this year; it explains the confusion and uncertainty of the LNP regarding the necessary disciplinary actions after the leaking of a file containing embarrassing and personal information about Labor MP’s. The author begins the article by introducing the names of well-known LNP members as primary sources and recapping their own, and other interviews with the likes of LNPs leader Jeff Seeney and parliamentary member Campbell Newman. The tone throughout the article suggests both the confusion and the severity of the issue and that ‘Mr Seeney wants the person responsible for engaging dirt file author Robert Hough to quit the party, or be sacked.’ Quotes from Mr Seeney and LNP treasurer Barry O'Sullivan that no well-known person made contact with the creater of the document, giving the reader the opportunity to make judgements of the story themselves by providing evidence that there is much confusion surrounding this document and that statements made by people from both the LNP and ALP are a result of previous heated discussions and this particular document was not a planned route of attack. The article does not provide bias towards either party and makes allowances for the reader to form own opinions based on primary, valued sources.


Van Vondren, J (Oct 12, 2011). Qld Opposition caught out over dirt scandal. ABC News(TV)
This article on ABC news covers Campbell Newman’s reactions to the issues regarding the LNP being caught commissioning sleaze files on certain government members. The article is introduced by the news anchor in a tone of disappointment and disapproval, using derogatory words such as ‘sleaze’ to portray the negativity of the article and making the audience have a adverse opinion on the story before all the facts are presented. The scene then cuts to the reporter, Van Vondren, at parliament house in Canberra. She uses quotes from MP’s such, as Campbell Newman, to give credibility to the story, while making negative remarks by insinuating, with voice and visuals, that there are lies and secrets behind the scenes. The story then cuts to an interview with Campbell Newman himself, giving primary evidence to allegations and his own disappointment at his party’s behaviour; while most previously believed that he was involved. It then flashes back to a previous interview with Newman about the ALP’s actions in relation to find information about his family and using it in personal attacks; this gives Newman less ground to say he was not involved as the Van Vondren is insinuating that it was retaliation to what the ALP was doing. Throughout the article, the tone and vision of disapproval and confusion from the reporter is continued as all the primary evidence used from interviews does not allow the audience draw a full, justifiable conclusion.


Guest, A. (Oct 12, 2011). LNP caught with 'personal dirt files' ABC News Radio.
            This radio story is about the gathering and release of information about the personal and sex lives of Labor members of parliament. The story is introduced by the main news reader in a disapproving tone with the use of sarcasm, referring to the information as contentious party research. References to previous LNP and ALP disputes gives the listener background information to establish the value of the story and begins the formation of where their opinions lie. The newsreader then gives the mic to reporter, Annie Guest, who continues the disapproving tone; though no primary or secondary sources have provided evidence yet in the story. The use of backlogged, secondary recordings from another source is then used to quote Campbell Newman saying he wants nothing to do with the sleaziness. Quotes from previous Campbell Newman recordings are used in varying contexts to provide the listener with information to form their own opinions of the situation. Later in the story, however, a new recording of Newman is offered as stand up evidence that his party, and the stories surrounding it are accurate, though he has nothing to do with it. Without the use of images, Guest is able to paint a picture of confusion, frustration, betrayal and disapproval to the audience by the use of her language and her tone of voice.


Zelizer, B. (2011) Journalism in the Service of Communication.  Journal of Communication: 61 (1-21)
            This article discusses the role of journalism in the disciplinary growth of the study of communication. The author looks at how journalism started and how it has progressed differently in geographical regions, ultimately affecting that regions knowledge of communication. The article is very much centred around how the importance of journalistic knowledge has diminished as communicative studies has progressed, and how scholars do not contribute the origins to anything relating to journalism because the meaning of the word has become so blurred. Zelizer validates her research article by using primary and secondary sources, such as Dennis & Wartella and Robinson, 1988, 1996, who have conducted research into the origins of communication and how re-evaluations of its historiography have linked it to journalism. By using relevant information from previous theories and studies, the author is able to authenticate the grounds to her research and establish importance of factual knowledge to the audience. Zelizer talks of the multiple disciplines of communication being highly important to its origins and that development of journalism has played several parts in different timeframes to each discipline. Using rhetorical questions and quotes from her previous writings, Zelizer maintains a dignitary and factual writing style throughout her article, making it academic though still interesting to the reader. The use of varying language styles, both formally academic and simplistic, the article appeals and is readable by changeable audiences and provides insight into relevant information for our time.

Reference list:
Dunlevy, G., Marszalek, J., Ag, K. (Oct 13, 2011) LNP leaders at odds over dirt file fallout. National Nine News Online. (Web Address: http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/8359424/treasurer-never-met-dirt-digger-mciver)
Van Vondren, J (Oct 12, 2011). Qld Opposition caught out over dirt scandal. ABC News(TV) Web Address: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3rQ0OMXkWQ)
             Guest, A. (Oct 12, 2011). LNP caught with 'personal dirt files' ABC News Radio.
              Zelizer, B. (2011) Journalism in the Service of Communication.  Journal of Communication: 61 (1-21)

       This article discusses the role of journalism in the disciplinary growth of the study of 


Friday 14 October 2011

Lecture 11

This lecture was on investigative journalism, we watched a video first up which was soooooo funny. We were presented with 2 quotes which summursesd  investigative journalism, how isnt all journalism about asking question? I do believe however investigation journalism is a little be more in depth probing deeper into people minds to find the facts and the truth.

Why we search for facts, isnt people truth? NO!! they are not because all of people are corrupt because of sex, money and power. The reasons why there are people who are investigative journalist is because they have to right to tell the facts and what is wrong, they have the right to prob as they are the voice of the voicless and the light in the darkness of this corrupt world. We can see this in such programs as 4 Corners on the ABC.

However I believe that there is allot more investigative journalist today becuase of the new aged media which is helping reaching out to the people. The internet has allowed people to show the world important this that we should know.

However, in doing investigative journalism, you have to trust not one and always check the facts, these are the what a journalist should use when investigating
interviews, - giving people their chance to say what they want and give a balanced argument.
observations,- investigation of technical issues. screunity of government and business practices.
documents, - law suits , legal doc through the Freedom of infomation
These are the main three, use the infomation to line up the facts from other sources. However there are more techniques briefings, leaks, trespass and theft.

However there are threats of IJ, however it is the internet because of money, since it is easy to use there are less need for people therefore less journalist.

Investigative Journalism, is about finding facts, exposing the truth and letting the little man get the facts right. IR  is the best thing to help people get both sides of the  story.


 

Saturday 8 October 2011

Week 10 - News values

News values are very important, because if we didn't have people organizing for us what are the most valuable pieces of news there would be thousands of news headlines bombarding us.
This weeks lecture was on the news values, which is how does news become in the NEWS!

There are no doubt many types of ways people can get the daily fix of the NEWS!! from newspapers to it on our iPads, however what makes events news worthy is 2 main ideas, the impact of the news which in Arthur MacEwen words "news is anything makes a reader say "gee whiz"" which is true and the second one is Audience identification which is anything that a reader can relate to or anything of interest. However as stated in the top of the paragraph, that people get their news from different medias and thus provides the value of news is very different, because in some counties a new media might be politically inclined one way therefore only reporting of certain type of news, though in Australia according to our fine lecture Dr Bruce Redman, in his experiences Austrlaian journalist haven't been pressured into leaning towards a certain view, meaning that the journalist in Australia dont have to conform to a particular way in value of news and can report on anything they wish (there are limitation though)

However it doesn't stop there, culture also effects news values, as news in Australia such as bush fires might not effect anyone in the Middle East because there is no relation.

In 1965 Galtuge and Ruge two journalist created a list of 12. these 12 were different topics which the news at the times was based on...however this is I'm presenting is the same but updated for today's world.
1: Power nations/elite (people who are in control and the powerful)
2: Celebrity (famous people)
3 Entertainment (sport/fashion ect ect)
4: Surprise
5:Bad news
6: Good news
7: Magnitude
8: Relevance
9: Follow up
10: News agenda
11: Uniqueness
12: Exclusivity
 it is these 12 factors that create news and according to the adding hypotheses, the more factors an event satisfied the higher the probability that it becomes news. Therefore the more the factors the news has more chance it becoming headlining news ie a celebrity have a baby, covers celebrity, good news and surprise, which is 3 factors therefore it has a higher chance of becoming news.

News values have been around since the first news media, and will continue to be around. However it is the job of journalist to syphen through all the events to find the headlining news, and with the list of 12 they'll be able to find the headlining news pretty easily.

Week 9 - Agenda Setting

Agenda Setting is very important in understand how the news world works. As Dr. Redman puts it "Agenda setting is a theory but like all good solid theories is all a bit obvious really"  
Agenda setting is how individuals conception of reality is socially constructed through a process of communication. This means that a person perception of the world is constructed through the media they listen, watch or read.
Like the Journalism Blog all of these topic are interrelated and that they are not constrained just to journalism. There are four different agenda groups
§  Public agenda - what the public thinks is important. 
§  Policy agenda – what politician think are important
§  Cooperate agenda – what big corporations think are important
§Media agenda – issued discuss in the media

You ask where is agenda setting came from, to be honest probably from the first mass print, however the first theory in agenda setting came from the 1920's from Harold Lasswell which said "the mass media "injects" direct influences into the audience. Also known as the "magic bullet"." 
At the time the largest media was the newspaper and films, therefore that is how allot of peoples perception of events was made. However the precetion of people could be used for "evil" which Adolf Hilter used, this was called propaganda, he used film to show even one in the world on the 3rd Reich was the best thing ever to happen and people should be worried. For the short answer, Hitler's plan world people saw into this race and were scared especially when they knew they were that "ayran" race. However lets go depper into the agenda setting family:

In the agenda family there are seven members which are:
o   Media gate keeping
§  How individuals control the flow of message through a communication channel – who controls the news, however this has become less of an issue with the internet as freedom to write is encouraged. 
§  Fox vs MsnBc are a gate keppers, on is very left winged and the other right winged. Therefore they show different news topic and if they show the same they have different opinions.
o   Media advocacy
§  The purposive promotion of a message through the media,
§  i.e health issues, or even political.
o   Agenda cutting
§  Most the truth or reality that is going on in the world isn’t represented
§  Issues like AIDS take a backseat to Justin Bieber’s new haircut.
o   Agenda surfing
§  Bandwagon effects: how existing public opinion influences other towards that opinion.
o   The diffusion of news
§  The process through which an important event is communicated to the public
§  How, where, when the news is released.
o   Portrayal of an issue
§  The way an issue is portrayed will often influence how it is perceived by the public. Different media outlets with different portrayals can cause the public to formulate their own perception.
o   Media dependence
§  The more dependent a person is on the media for information, the more susceptible that person is to media agenda setting
§  Facebook and twitter can cause this. 

These seven member show how the agenda setting is created how how news media used their way in creating agenda. However like most theories there are strength and weakness to it. The strengths are that 
•It has predictive power because it predicts that if people are exposed to the same media, they will feel the same - say that people will view the world a certain way if they only have a selected number of media outlets. 
issues are important. 
• If people aren’t exposed to the same media, they won’t feel the same issues are important, that if they have a wide range of media exposure the people can look at the world and organised which things are more important than others such as celebrity news vs the famine in Africa. 
•It has organizing power because it helps organise existing knowledge of media effects.
However it also has weaknesses 
• For people who have made up their minds, the effect is weakened.- this implys if some has made their mind up on a topic theyll stick to their 'guns' and not change and also:
•NEW MEDIA is a whole new ballgame in terms of Agenda setting - as the media grows and the the Earth gets olders, new problems arise and that means new agenda setting keeps on changing. Which brings us finally on to:

24/7. 
The news today is basically 24/7, as suppose to pervious generation where there was only the 6pm news, news and the media are at our finger tips. However to think we can chose what we want to watch and what type of agenda we cannot, as the media is will chose what is important, such as when a election campaing starts, the media will chose only to look at a couple of main evnts such as a Carbon Tax or Refugess and forget the rest of the world. Showing that people cannot only have one or two news sources if the want the whole picture, they need to look around and see that not all the news outlets play nice, as they pick wants on the agenda tonight.